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This article describes the phonology of the Occitan language. ==Consonants== Below is an abstract consonant chart that covers multiple dialects. Where symbols for consonants occur in pairs, the left represents a voiceless consonant and the right represents a voiced consonant. ; Notes: * The phoneme is mostly found in Southern Occitan (written in Gascon, in Provençal, and in Languedocien). * The distinction between and is general in Provençal, Vivaro-Alpine, Auvergnat and Limousin. However, in Languedocien and Gascon, the phonemes and are neutralized as (thus has disappeared). * In the Languedocien: * * the phonemes indicate three kinds of sounds, depending on what surrounds them: * * * a voiced plosive sound by default * * * devoiced to phrase-finally or before a voiceless sound * * * a voiced fricative when both preceded and followed by voiced continuants (i.e., vowels or ) within the same phrase. * * the phonemes and and the sequences are neutralized as (thus , and have disappeared). * In Auvergnat and Limousin, and locally in other dialects, * * the phonemes and are neutralized as (thus has disappeared). * * the phonemes and are neutralized as (thus has disappeared). * In Auvergnat, most of the consonants, except , can have a palatalized sound before ''i'' and ''u''. Consequently, the consonant phonemes have two kinds of sounds, one being not palatal (by default) and the other being palatal (before ''i'' and ''u''): => ; => ; => ; => ; => ; => ; => ; => ; => ; => ; => ; => ; => ; => ; => . * In one part (and only one part) of Limousin, a transphonologization has occurred: * * The old phonemes , have now become , . * * The old phonemes , have now become , . * In the Provençal in general, and partially in other dialects, the phonemes and are neutralized as (thus has disappeared). * The original rhotic consonants, (tapped) and (trilled) have known important evolutions: * * In Provençal and partially in other dialects, there is now an opposition between (tapped) and (uvular) (whereas has disappeared). This feature is shared with Portuguese. In the cases when the opposition is impossible between the two phonemes, the default realization is (it was in the original pattern). * * In most of Limousin, Auvergne, Vivarais and Niçard, the phonemes and are neutralized as (or even ). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Occitan phonology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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